អ៊ុមដាតុល រីអាយ៉ះ (ការពន្យល់ក្បួនច្បាប់វីកាយ៉ះ ហាណាហ្វី)

Chapter [on eating and drinking] (Eating is obligatory if it wards off his ruin, and it is rewarded for it if it enables him (1) to pray standing and to fast, and it is permissible until he is full to increase his strength, and it is forbidden above it except for the purpose of strengthening tomorrow’s fast, or lest his guest be embarrassed, and he dislikes donkey milk (2) and camel urine). As for donkey milk: its ruling is the same as for its meat, and as for camel urine, it is forbidden according to Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him. On his authority -, and according to Abu Yusuf - may God be pleased with him - it is permissible to treat it [(3)] based on the hadith (4) of Al-Arnayyin (5), and according to Muhammad - may God be pleased with him - it is absolutely permissible; Because if it is forbidden, it is not permissible to treat it. He - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - said: ((Your healing is not neglected in what has been forbidden to you))(1), and Abu Yusuf - may God be pleased with him - says that it does not remain forbidden[(2)] in that case due to necessity, and Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him - says: The basic principle regarding urine is that it is forbidden, and he - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him -...(3) taught the healing of pricks (4) alive, and as for others, the healing in it is not. It is known that it is not solved.

(And eating, drinking, applying anointing [(1)] and applying perfume from a vessel of gold and silver): that is, for men and women. He - may God bless him and grant him peace - said [(2)]: ((He only draws (3) the fire of Hell into his stomach)) (4).

(A solution made from a vessel of lead, glass, crystal (1), agate (2), and from a silver vessel (3)). According to Al-Shafi’i - may God be pleased with him - it is disliked, (and sitting on a silver vessel, vomiting the place of silver), so his statement (4): And sitting is a conjunction of the pronoun in a solution, and this is permissible due to the presence of separation. According to Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him - eating and drinking from a silver vessel, or sitting on a chair, or a bed, or a saddle, or It is like silver, but it is permissible if he is pious. The place of silver: that is, the place of silver should not be in the place of the mouth, in the place of the hand when taking, and in the place of sitting on the chair. According to Abu Yusuf - may God be pleased with him - it is absolutely disliked, and Muhammad - may God be pleased with him - it has been said: He is with Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him -, and it has been said[(5)]: He is with Abu Yusuf - may God be pleased with him -. (And before the statement of an infidel, he said: I bought meat from a Muslim or a book, so it is permissible, or from a Magian, so it is forbidden), then the infidel’s statement is acceptable [(1)] in transactions; It is needed if transactions occur frequently (2).

(And the statement of an individual [(1)] who is an infidel, or a female, or an immoral person, or a slave, or the opposite of her (2) in transactions such as buying (3) a male [(4)], and authorization (5)), such as if he is told that I am the agent of so-and-so in the sale of this, it is permissible to buy from him, (and the statement of the slave, and the boy regarding the gift, and the permission), as if he brings a gift and says: So-and-so gave you this gift, it is permissible for him to accept it, or he says: I am authorized in trade, his statement is accepted.

(The condition of justice in religions[(1)] is like the news of impurity in water[(2)], so he should perform tayammum if (3) a just Muslim informs him of it, even if he is a slave, and he investigates the sinner and the hidden person, then he acts according to his opinion (4), and if he has vomited water, then he should perform tayammum if he is most likely to be truthful, and (5) he should perform ablution and do tayammum if he is lying, so it is safer.

A Muqtada was invited to a feast and found there (1) playing or singing which he could not prevent at all from leaving, and others, if he sat and ate, it is permissible for him not to attend if (2) he knew before (3), and Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him - said: I was tested with this once, so I was patient, and this (4) before he was imitated, and his saying indicates the prohibition of all entertainment; Because the affliction of the forbidden person is [(5)]).

Know that (1) it is not the case that if he knew before attending that there was entertainment, it is not permissible to attend, and if he did not know before attending but attacked after it (2), then if he is able to prevent, he will be prevented, and if he is not able, then if the man is Muqtada, he will leave; So that people do not imitate him, and if he is not an imitator, then if he sits and eats, it is permissible [(3)]; Because answering the invitation is a Sunnah [(4)] so do not abandon it because of an innovation [(5)] like a funeral prayer attended by (6) wailing. Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him - said: I was tested with it once, so I was patient. They said: His saying: I was tested indicates prohibition [(7)], and it can be said[(1)]: Patience in what is forbidden in order to establish the Sunnah is not permissible, and the patience that Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him - said is sitting and turning away from that distraction is reprehensible. For him, neither preoccupied nor enjoying it (2).

Chapter [on clothing] (No man [(1)] should wear silk except the size of four fingers): That is, in breadth, he meant the amount of knowledge, and it was narrated that he - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him -: ((He wore a wrap-around robe(2) with silk))(3), and according to Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him -: There is no difference between a state of war and other times, and in both of them: necessity arises in war. We said: Necessity is driven by (1) what is woven into it (2) by Ibrasim (3). And he covered it (4) [(5)] with something else, (and he used to cushion it and spread it on it), this is according to Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him -; When it was narrated that he - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him -: ((He sat on a silk saddle)) (6), and they said: He hates it.

(And he wears what has been made of Ibrism (7) and woven by something else (8), and the opposite is true in war (9) only [(10) ]). Rather, they considered the weft to be mixed, even if it was from Ibrism, it is not permissible, and if it was from other than it, it is permissible due to the proximate cause. (And he should not wear [(1)] gold or silver except with a ring, a girdle (2), a sword adornment thereof, a gold nail to pierce a lobe (3), and an adornment for the whole woman. It is not sealed with stone, iron, or yellow), but it is permissible (4) if the ring is made of silver, and the bezel is made of stone, (and leaving it to someone other than the ruler is preferable): that is, leaving the seal to someone other than the Sultan and the judge is preferred because it is an adornment, and the Sultan and the judge need a seal (5). (And his teeth should not be strengthened with gold, but with silver) (6). This is according to Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him - (and it is disliked to dress a boy in gold or silk). Just as drinking alcohol is forbidden[(7)], so drinking it is forbidden.

(No rag for ablution [(1)] or mucus)(2), according to some people, this is disliked; Because it is a type of coercion, but the correct view is that if it is for necessity, it is not disliked, but if it is for arrogance, it is disliked. Because it is not absurd (3); Because it has a valid purpose, which is remembrance. He only mentioned this; Because it is the habit of some people to tighten threads on some parts, as well as chains and other things, and that is disliked. Because it is pure absurdity, so he said: Al-Rattam is not of (4) this type.

Chapter [on looking, touching, and intercourse] (And a man should look from another man except what is between his navel to below his knees[(2) ](1)). The navel is not awrah according to us, and the knee is awrah, and according to Al-Shafi’i(2) - may God be pleased with him -: On the contrary.

(And from his marriage and his lawful female slave[(3)] to their private parts, and from his forbidden female slave to the head[(1)] and the face, chest, leg and upper arm if he secures his desire, otherwise not, nor to the back, stomach and thigh like another female slave(2)). The ruling for a non-Muslim female slave is the same as that of a mahram due to the necessity of seeing her in professional clothing.

(And it is not permissible to look at either of them, it is permissible to touch [(1)], and he has the right to touch that if he wants to buy it[(2)] and if he fears his lust, and a female slave who has reached puberty does not expose herself to a single garment[(3)], and from a non-mahram woman to her face and hands only), this is in the apparent meaning of the narration, and on the authority of Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him -: It is permissible to look at her feet, and he mentioned in (The Book of Prayer) (4): The foot is not genitalia. We said: In prayer it is necessary, and for a foreigner to look at the foot [is not necessary unlike the face and palm, (And likewise the lady [(5) ]), in looking at her feet (1)] (2) she is like a foreigner. (If he fears): meaning lust (3), (he should not look at her face except for a need (4) such as a judge who rules, a witness who testifies against her, someone who wants (5) to marry a woman or buy a female slave, and a man to heal her [(6)]), for these it is permissible for them to look with fear of desire for necessity, (so he looks at the place of her illness as much as necessary.

[(1) A woman looks at a woman like a man[(2)] at a man, and likewise at a man if her desires are secure, and the eunuch, the forced, and the effeminate(3)[(4)] look at a foreign woman like a stallion.

He is isolated[(1)] from his female slave without her permission, and from his wedding with him). Isolation means that he has intercourse, and when he approaches ejaculation, he takes out(2) [his mention](3), and does not ejaculate in the private parts(4). [Chapter on Istibra’ and others]

(And whoever owns a female slave by purchase or the like): such as a will, inheritance, and the like, (even if it is a virgin and (1) purchased from a woman(2), or a slave[(3)] or her mahram): that is, the mahram of the female slave, but not of a relative who is mahram to her, so that (4) the female slave is not freed on him, (or from the wealth of a boy): i.e. (5) [if](6) the female slave is from the wealth of a boy, (it is forbidden for him to have intercourse with her, and for his reasons until he is cleared of menstruation in a woman). She menstruates (7), and in the (8) month in the (9) month, and by placing the pregnancy in the pregnant woman, then the wisdom in istira is known (10) the innocence of the womb is to protect the respectable water[(11)] [from mixing, and that is according to [Abu Hanifa - may God be pleased with him -](12): The reality (13) of work(14) [with forbidden water](15), or the illusion of work with respectable water(16)](17), but it is a hidden matter, so it is managed. The ruling on (18) is an apparent matter, which is the introduction of kingship[(1)], even if the master’s lack of intercourse is known, as in the matters he enumerated, which is his saying: Even if he is a virgin... and so on.

Wisdom (2) is taken into account in gender, not in every individual, but it is answered [(3) ] Wisdom is not taken into account in every individual, but it is taken into account in specific types (1), so if the female slave is a virgin or a married woman from whom (2) the lineage of her child is not proven from him, and [it is that the child’s lineage is established] (4) it should not be obligatory; Because the lack of work with respectable water (5) is certain in these types.

The answer: It is only proven by the text because of his statement - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - regarding the captives of Awtas: ((Do not have intercourse with [pregnant women until they give birth, nor] (1) pregnant women until they have cleared their menstruation))(2), for the captives [(3)] are not without a virgin, a woman’s captive, and the like, and despite this (4) the ruling of the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - is a general ruling (5) so (6) is specific to wisdom, just as God Almighty explained the wisdom in the prohibition of alcohol by saying: {Satan only wants to cause}(7) the verse, so no one can say that I drink it so that hostility does not occur, and it does not prevent me from praying, so if [the](8) interest prevails in prohibiting it, [then the law prohibits](9) in general; Since there is no secret of confusion in specification (1), and people’s audacity [(2)] such that wisdom is elevated, then if the ruling on captivity is proven in general, it is also proven in all other causes of ownership by analogy, then the reason is known, then this is supported by consensus.

((1) Her menstrual period did not suffice for her ownership therein, nor the one before the arrest): [that is, nor the menstruation that occurred after one of the reasons for ownership before the arrest](2), (nor is a birth as well, and it is obligatory (3) in the purchase of a female slave[(4)] except for a short period that is his) (5); Because the ownership was granted to him, and the ruling is added to the immediate cause, (not when returning the abqa[(6)], returning the usurped property, the rented property, and redeeming the mortgaged property); Because there was no creation of the king.

(The trick of canceling istibra was permitted by Abu Yusuf - may God be pleased with him - in contrast to Muhammad - may God be pleased with him -, and he adopted the first if he knew that her seller would not have intercourse with her in that (1) purification (2), and the second if he approached her: if she was not free under him, he could marry her, then buy her [(3)]), since with marriage it is not necessary to make istibara[(4)], then if he buys his wife (5) it is not obligatory either.